Zigby Weitere Staffeln der Serie
Zigby, das Zebra ist eine australisch-kanadisch-singapurische Computeranimationsserie um ein anthropomorphes Zebra. Die Serie basiert auf Büchern des schottischen Schriftstellers Brian Paterson. Auf einer paradiesischen Insel lebt Zigby, das Zebra, im Kreise seiner Freunde. Unternehmungslustig und neugierig, wie Zigby ist, kommt mit ihm nie. Zigby, das Zebra ist eine australisch-kanadisch-singapurische Computeranimationsserie um ein anthropomorphes Zebra. Die Serie basiert auf Büchern des. Mit seinen zwei besten Freunden Bertie und Matze erlebt Zigby aufregende Abenteuer. Zigby als Regisseur des Theaterstücks. Er hat schief auf dem Kopf eine. Zigby, Bertie und Matze machen sich auf, um auf der anderen Seite des Flusses gemütlich zu picknicken. Kaum sind sie jedoch unterwegs, da lässt ein. Entdecken Sie Zigby - Das Zebra, DVD 1 und weitere TV-Serien auf DVD- & Blu-ray in unserem vielfältigen Angebot. Gratis Lieferung möglich. Zigby, das Zebra: 3-D-animierte Abenteuer mit Zigby, dem Zebra und seinen Freunden Bertie und Matze.
Verified Purchase. Uups, Traumhaus Registrierung Markus Dupree fehlgeschlagen Deine Registrierung ist leider fehlgeschlagen. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, Pikachu Entwicklung engage customers. PillPack Pharmacy Simplified. Diesen Hinweis in Zukunft nicht mehr anzeigen. Control your World your way Build your future. The Zigbee Alliance is the standard-bearer of the open IoT.
Members that trust us. Introducing Featured Solutions. App Layer Dotdot gives product developers the freedom to choose the network that works for their application, and consumers the freedom to choose the brands and products that transform the way we live, work and play.
Network Protocol Stack Green Power offers an even lower power solution perfect for devices that need to be batteryless or extremely low-power usage.
Why Leading companies choose Zigbee. Reliable As one of the most well-known and established standards in the industry; we enable you to create devices that just work.
Interoperable Our world-renowned certification program and our large focus on interoperability assure consumers and developers that devices will interoperate.
Low-power We provide multiple technologies that are extremely low-power. Why use Zigbee in your home. The typical example of a heterogeneous network is a wireless light switch : The Zigbee node at the lamp may constantly receive since it is reliably powered by the mains supply to the lamp, while a battery-powered light switch would remain asleep until the switch is thrown.
In which case, the switch wakes up, sends a command to the lamp, receives an acknowledgment, and returns to sleep. In such a network the lamp node will be at least a Zigbee router, if not the Zigbee coordinator; the switch node is typically a Zigbee end device.
In beacon-enabled networks, Zigbee routers transmit periodic beacons to confirm their presence to other network nodes.
Nodes may sleep between beacons, thus extending their battery life. Beacon intervals depend on data rate; they may range from Long beacon intervals require precise timing, which can be expensive to implement in low-cost products.
In general, the Zigbee protocols minimize the time the radio is on, so as to reduce power use. In beaconing networks, nodes only need to be active while a beacon is being transmitted.
In non-beacon-enabled networks, power consumption is decidedly asymmetrical: Some devices are always active while others spend most of their time sleeping.
Except for Smart Energy Profile 2. The standard specifies the lower protocol layers —the physical layer PHY , and the media access control portion of the data link layer DLL.
That is, the nodes communicate in a way somewhat analogous to how humans converse: a node briefly checks to see that other nodes are not talking to it, before it starts—but with three notable exceptions.
Beacons are sent on a fixed-timing schedule and do not use CSMA. Message acknowledgments also do not use CSMA.
Finally, devices in beacon-enabled networks that have low-latency, real-time requirements may also use guaranteed time slots GTS , which by definition do not use CSMA.
The software is designed to be easy to develop on small, inexpensive microprocessors. For more detail, please use one or more of the sources listed in the References section below, or go directly to the Zigbee Alliance web site using the External links provided below.
The main functions of the network layer are to enable the correct use of the MAC sublayer and provide a suitable interface for use by the next upper layer, namely the application layer.
Its capabilities and structure are those typically associated to such network layers, including routing. The Network Layer 's function is exactly as it sounds.
It deals with network functions such as connecting, disconnecting, and setting up networks. This layer makes use of star, mesh and tree topologies.
It adds an interface to the application layer. On the one hand, the data entity creates and manages network layer data units from the payload of the application-layer and performs routing according to the current topology.
On the other hand, there is the layer control , which is used to handle configuration of new devices and establish new networks: it can determine whether a neighboring device belongs to the network and discovers new neighbors and routers.
The control can also detect the presence of a receiver, which allows direct communication and MAC synchronization.
The routing protocol used by the network layer is AODV. The neighbors then broadcast the request to their neighbors and onward until the destination is reached.
Once the destination is reached, it sends its route reply via unicast transmission following the lowest cost path back to the source.
Once the source receives the reply, it will update its routing table for the destination address of the next hop in the path and the path cost.
The application layer is the highest-level layer defined by the specification and is the effective interface of the Zigbee system to its end users.
It comprises the majority of components added by the Zigbee specification: both ZDO and its management procedures, together with application objects defined by the manufacturer, are considered part of this layer.
This layer binds tables, sends messages between bound devices, manages group addresses, reassembles packets and also transports data.
It is responsible for providing service to Zigbee device profiles. The ZDO Zigbee device object , a protocol in the Zigbee protocol stack, is responsible for overall device management, security keys, and policies.
It is responsible for defining the role of a device as either coordinator or end device, as mentioned above, but also for the discovery of new one-hop devices on the network and the identification of their offered services.
It may then go on to establish secure links with external devices and reply to binding requests accordingly. The application support sublayer APS is the other main standard component of the layer, and as such it offers a well-defined interface and control services.
It works as a bridge between the network layer and the other elements of the application layer: it keeps up-to-date binding tables in the form of a database, which can be used to find appropriate devices depending on the services that are needed and those the different devices offer.
As the union between both specified layers, it also routes messages across the layers of the protocol stack. An application may consist of communicating objects which cooperate to carry out the desired tasks.
The focus of Zigbee is to distribute work among many different devices which reside within individual Zigbee nodes which in turn form a network said work will typically be largely local to each device, for instance, the control of each household appliance.
The collection of objects that form the network communicates using the facilities provided by APS, supervised by ZDO interfaces.
Within a single device, up to application objects can exist, numbered in the range Addressing is also part of the application layer.
A network node consists of an The transceiver is the base for addressing, and devices within a node are specified by an endpoint identifier in the range For applications to communicate, their comprising devices must use a common application protocol types of messages, formats and so on ; these sets of conventions are grouped in profiles.
Furthermore, binding is decided upon by matching input and output cluster identifiers, unique within the context of a given profile and associated to an incoming or outgoing data flow in a device.
Binding tables contain source and destination pairs. Depending on the available information, device discovery may follow different methods.
When the network address is known, the IEEE address can be requested using unicast communication.
When it is not, petitions are broadcast the IEEE address being part of the response payload. End devices will simply respond with the requested address while a network coordinator or a router will also send the addresses of all the devices associated with it.
This extended discovery protocol permits external devices to find out about devices in a network and the services that they offer, which endpoints can report when queried by the discovering device which has previously obtained their addresses.
Matching services can also be used. The use of cluster identifiers enforces the binding of complementary entities using the binding tables, which are maintained by Zigbee coordinators, as the table must always be available within a network and coordinators are most likely to have a permanent power supply.
Backups, managed by higher-level layers, may be needed by some applications. Binding requires an established communication link; after it exists, whether to add a new node to the network is decided, according to the application and security policies.
Communication can happen right after the association. Direct addressing uses both radio address and endpoint identifier, whereas indirect addressing uses every relevant field address, endpoint, cluster, and attribute and requires that they are sent to the network coordinator, which maintains associations and translates requests for communication.
Indirect addressing is particularly useful to keep some devices very simple and minimize their need for storage.
Besides these two methods, broadcast to all endpoints in a device is available, and group addressing is used to communicate with groups of endpoints belonging to a set of devices.
As one of its defining features, Zigbee provides facilities for carrying out secure communications, protecting establishment and transport of cryptographic keys, cyphering frames, and controlling devices.
This part of the architecture relies on the correct management of symmetric keys and the correct implementation of methods and security policies.
The basic mechanism to ensure confidentiality is the adequate protection of all keying material. Trust must be assumed in the initial installation of the keys, as well as in the processing of security information.
For an implementation to globally work, its general conformance to specified behaviors is assumed. Keys are the cornerstone of the security architecture; as such their protection is of paramount importance, and keys are never supposed to be transported through an insecure channel.
A momentary exception to this rule occurs during the initial phase of the addition to the network of a previously unconfigured device. The Zigbee network model must take particular care of security considerations, as ad hoc networks may be physically accessible to external devices.
Also the state of the working environment cannot be predicted. Within the protocol stack, different network layers are not cryptographically separated, so access policies are needed, and conventional design assumed.
The open trust model within a device allows for key sharing, which notably decreases potential cost. Nevertheless, the layer which creates a frame is responsible for its security.
If malicious devices may exist, every network layer payload must be ciphered, so unauthorized traffic can be immediately cut off.
The exception, again, is the transmission of the network key, which confers a unified security layer to the grid, to a new connecting device.
Zigbee uses bit keys to implement its security mechanisms. A key can be associated either to a network, being usable by both Zigbee layers and the MAC sublayer, or to a link, acquired through pre-installation, agreement or transport.
Establishment of link keys is based on a master key which controls link key correspondence. Ultimately, at least, the initial master key must be obtained through a secure medium transport or pre-installation , as the security of the whole network depends on it.
Link and master keys are only visible to the application layer. Different services use different one-way variations of the link key to avoid leaks and security risks.
Key distribution is one of the most important security functions of the network. A secure network will designate one special device which other devices trust for the distribution of security keys: the trust center.
Ideally, devices will have the center trust address and initial master key preloaded; if a momentary vulnerability is allowed, it will be sent as described above.
Typical applications without special security needs will use a network key provided by the trust center through the initially insecure channel to communicate.
Thus, the trust center maintains both the network key and provides point-to-point security. Devices will only accept communications originating from a key supplied by the trust center, except for the initial master key.
The security architecture is distributed among the network layers as follows:. This makes the encryption highly vulnerable. This way users can determine the validity of new algorithms before hardware implementation.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from ZigBee. IEEE This article is about a wireless protocol. For the fictional character, see Zigby.
Zigbee Alliance. Archived from the original on June 27, Retrieved June 14, ZigBee Alliance. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Retrieved October 18, Who's there? Yet another IoT app layer". The Register.
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